After the bell, the one that this morning passes from the hands of Mario Draghi to those of Giorgia Meloni, the party is already over. Palazzo Chigi, the government's advanced trench, has no time for court preambles. On the doors of the palaces of Rome, those that in the jargon of the state apparatus are the hot dossiers knocking with the impetus of emergency-urgency. The transition is crucial, from promises declined complete with notarial commitments in front of the voters to government actions, those to be declined not in words but with deeds written with the stamp of the State Accounting Office. Roses and flowers, thorns and new and consolidated calvaries, which have always been the cross and delight of power, the sailor and neophyte. The scenario in this case does not arise, it bursts. From the energy crisis to the cost of living, from the war on the doorstep of Europe to the huge resources available to a beautiful country that cannot be spent, despite the proclamations. Emergencies and urgencies that very often are the easy excuse for not addressing Sardinian issues, classified as local and secondary. For Sardinia, despite the political consonance between the regional and the Italian government, center-right in Cagliari as in Rome, the risk is once again of ending up at the bottom of the row of problems. This time, however, on many issues, from energy to Autonomies, the agenda of the Government of Rome necessarily passes through Sardinia, if only on some issues the island can not only express the constitutional "veto", but it can also be decisive for resolving strategic issues. The Sardinia dossier, therefore, is not only a " cahiers de doléances" , but also an opportunity to reconsider that principle of territorial, economic and social cohesion defined by the Constitutional Charter. The Sardinia Agenda is, therefore, emergency and urgency, but also strategy and future. The ABC of priorities for the island outlines the open questions and those that necessarily coincide with the agenda of the Meloni government. A game with the state, and with this government, not easy starting from the constitutional "role" of the island.
A UTONOMIA
The topic is very hot. The government has the so-called Differentiated Autonomies among the points in the program. In practice at least four regions, Lombardy, Veneto, Piedmont and Emilia Romagna have asked to become de facto "special" regions. In practice, they are asking the state for more powers, but above all for more money. The northern governors think they can take home the beauty of 36 billion euros a year, to be subtracted from the cohesion fund, the one intended, theoretically, for territorial rebalancing. The operation, if it were to go to port, would constitute the first major constitutional vulnus for Sardinia, bypassed, together with the other regions with a special statute, by the ordinary “differentiated” regions. In this case, with an ordinary rule, the constitutional rule that makes the autonomous regions "special" would be canceled. In this case, Sardinia would open, without alternatives, the way to appeal to the Constitutional Court to defend its prerogatives and claim the full implementation of its Statute, starting with the dilapidated revenue dispute in 2006 with an agreement that threw on the budget of the Sardinian region both health and transport. The definition of the income for Sardinia should necessarily start again at least from the equalization of the income on a par with the parameters applied to Sicily.
A MBIENTE
On the table of the government there is the game, totally ignored by the last governments, concerning the implementation of the plan for the reclamation of industrial areas. Over 90% of those prescribed, according to the implementation indicators, are not realized. At stake are hundreds of millions of euros which mainly concern the reclamation of the polluted areas of Sarroch, Macchiareddu, Porto Torres, Ottana and Sulcis.
C ULTURE
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage plays one of the crucial points in the development of the island, above all for the question relating to the management of the competence of the "landscape". More than one constitutional ruling has recognized the primary competence of the Region, but the conflict with the Ministry was the biggest obstacle in the management of the Landscape Plan. Rewriting certain rules for the governance of the “Landscape”, in full compliance with the prerogatives of the Statute and the implementing rules, is an obligation that can no longer be postponed. Both the law on the House Plan and an urban planning law at the height of a serious economic revival of Sardinia depend on this passage, in full respect of the environment, but without anachronistic and harmful ideological prohibitions.
AND NERGY
This is the most pressing issue. The clash with the Draghi government was total. Up to the appeal of the Sardinian Region to the Lazio TAR to challenge the energy decree that effectively commissioned Sardinia. An energy devastation plan that provides for the closure of the Portovesme and Porto Torres power plants, the construction of a 3.7 billion euro leash cable to make Sardinia fully dependent on the Continent and at the same time snatch both energy from the island of the sun and the wind. The governments of this last legislature, with an arrogance worthy of the worst energy regime, denied methane in every way to Sardinia, first by canceling the backbone and then providing for a differentiated gas price between the island and the rest of Italy. Now the Region, with the potential friendly government, could claim: the conversion to gas (metatone-hydrogen) of the two plants, on a par with what is happening in the rest of Italy; the construction of the gas backbone, already conceived as Hydrogen ready, that is, designed to be used to transport hydrogen, the source that would guarantee Sardinia total energy independence. The same imposition of the floating regasification terminal in Portovesme, opposed by the population and common sense, could also be revised due to the impossibility of carrying out the excavation of the port in a reasonable time. In this scenario, the rebalancing of the gas price will certainly have to be achieved, not forcing the Sardinians to pay even more exorbitant bills than any Italian citizen. In this international scenario, which is destined to continue for a long time, the Galsi, the Algeria - Sardinia - Italy - Europe methane pipeline, summarizes strategic importance. A methane pipeline that could be built with the pipelines on land already Hydrogen ready, becoming the first large infrastructure in the country ready to manage hydrogen. It is a question of understanding whether this government will also be dominated by Eni or will pursue a line of rational autonomy capable of managing the energy supply without depending on those who have continued to prevent a true liberalization of energy supply.
AND OLICO
There is also a real wind invasion at stake, both at sea and on land, with an energy production forecast for over 20 million inhabitants. Sardinia would be irremediably devastated. The Port Authority of Cagliari has already rejected that havoc at sea for two projects. It is clear that the government will have to decide whether to confirm the destruction or stop it. From this we will also evaluate the strength of the relationship between Rome and Cagliari. Stopping the wind invasion, blocking the monopoly operation of Enel, would also mean a leading role of the Region in the management of a hydrogen master plan, using for this purpose the renewable sources, both wind and sun, already installed and those that , eventually, the Region should decide to settle. A step to be negotiated with the Italian government, laying the foundations for Sardinia's full energy independence. The exact opposite of what the Draghi government predicted.
AND STERI
The Sardinia dispute also includes a very delicate game of territorial sovereignty, in which Italy must decide whether to remain dominated or react. Algeria, in March 2018, with a blitz at the United Nations, had established an Exclusive Economic Zone occupying a large part of the sea in front of western Sardinia, up to the height of Bosa. After the protests, the parliament approved a law for the establishment of its own exclusive area, giving the government a mandate to delimit it with a decree to be countersigned by the Head of State. Draghi, at Eni's suggestion, did nothing, allowing the Algerians to go ahead with their occupation. If the Meloni government really wants to reaffirm the territorial sovereignty of the sea, it has nothing to do but establish the exclusive economic zone to allow Sardinia to be able to freely use the sea off its coasts.
I NSULARITY
One of the most important chapters of the Sardinia dossier is called “Insularity”. After the inclusion of the norm in the Constitution, the Government cannot escape from the implementation of the norm contained in the law on fiscal federalism of which the center-right government had also been the author. This standard remained unfulfilled, despite the fact that Article 22 of Law 42/2009 envisaged, through an implementing decree of a delegated law, the measurement and compensation of the island gap. Therefore, no further waste of time is needed: if the Government wants to heal this historic insular vulnus, it can do so, not by giving gifts to Sardinia, but simply by returning the stolen goods. In this direction, the renegotiation of the NRP is an indispensable opportunity to heal that structural and infrastructural gap linked to insularity. In this case, there is also no excuse about the availability of resources. From the real data of the State Accounting Office it is emerging that in 2022 the Draghi government expected a total expenditure of about 29.4 billion euros, in reality it spent 13.2 less than expected.
THE FRASTRUCTURES
The infrastructures are the first concrete confirmation of the change of pace in the relationship with the Government. Infrastructural spending is slow, with multiple repercussions: the works never end, the costs increase, the non-realization constitutes a very significant social and economic burden. The Sardinian construction sites on the main road arteries are eternal. In this case, the Government could accelerate, through an ad hoc commissioner, with works on three shifts, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, on the 131 state road, especially the junctions, 195, Cagliari - Pula, 125 , the eastern Sardinian and the Sassari-Olbia. The Olbia - Santa Teresa di Gallura, designed in 2003, and blocked by the 2006 PPR, must be put on site without wasting any more time. The concrete acceleration of the Sardinian railway network can no longer be postponed. Not only are new trains needed, but the modification of the railway lines, especially in the Oristano-Sassari section, doubling the tracks to put Sardinia on a par with the other regions. From the proclamations it is necessary to pass to the real allocations also for the construction of the Nuoro - Olbia railway network and the Oristano - Arbatax road backbone.
M EDITERRANEAN
Sardinia is increasingly central to the Mediterranean. The Port Channel can favor the centrality between Gibraltar and Suez. A serious and concrete determination by the Ministries of Transport and Foreign Affairs is needed to identify serious international operators to put Cagliari back in the center of the Mediterranean.
T REPORTS
The transport issue is the first real test of insularity. The Minister can issue a decree to restore the single air fare, 365 days a year, starting from the routes from Sardinia to Milan and Rome. To deny it would mean canceling the island principle at its root. There are times and the authority of a government can impose it on companies. In this context, the Government will also have to decide whether to block the disastrous privatization of Cagliari Airport.
S ERVITY
The issue of military servitude is atavistic. The international chessboard does not facilitate discussion. Certainly Sardinia can demand environmental remediation, return of territories and assets and the cessation of exercises that make the island a real military target.
Z ONA FRANCA
Everyone has promised it far and wide. Sardinia has the right to do so in terms of insular economic rebalancing. Not a Zes, but an integral free zone that reduces fiscally the gap that weighs on Sardinian companies. Not a free zone to favor commercial interests of other states, but functional to production in Sardinia.